This special report on central bank digital currencies (CBDC) and financial inclusion looks at the current state of financial inclusion across different developing and emerging economies, and identifies the main use cases CBDC can contribute to.

This case study illustrates how designing programs responsibly can result in greater trust in digital financial services, leading to greater volumes of digital transactions, and increased use of digital savings and e-commerce services.

This study is part of the activities of the Laboratory for the Protection of Digital Financial Services Users launched by CGAP in 2021 with an objective to accompany local actors in building a responsible ecosystem for digital financial services.

This analysis of digital credit users in India, Indonesia, and Kenya assesses the impact of digital credit on their financial health.

This report explores how MSMEs used digital products during the pandemic, what barriers they faced with digital adoption, and what can be done to support the growth of MSMEs in the digital economy.

This research looks at the journey of digital payments, major events and entities that contributed to it, and products that revolutionized the digital payments space.

This report presents key insights and opportunities from Hindustan Unilever Limited’s business-to-business Shakti digitization program to implement the UN Principles for Responsible Digital Payments and build scale.

This reading deck provides an analysis of the Banking-as-a-Service (BaaS) model, a new business model that enables non-banks to offer banking services under their own brand and seamlessly embedded into their digital offering with four case studies of BaaS providers from Europe, US and Mexico.

This Technical Note is targeted at development funders (donors and DFIs) and provides high level guidance based on CGAP’s prior research on Cash-in / Cash-out (CICO) agent networks.

This white paper summarizes how interoperable payment systems work and discusses the status of interoperability in emerging markets.